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# ECD SYSTEM > SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

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ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM

ECM WIRING DIAGRAM

COMMON RAIL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

COMMON RAIL SYSTEM:

1. The common rail system uses high-pressure fuel for improved fuel economy and to provide robust engine power, while suppressing engine vibration and noise.
   This system stores fuel, which has been pressurized and supplied by the supply pump, in the common rail. By storing fuel at high-pressure, the common rail system can provide fuel at stable fuel injection pressures, regardless of engine speed or engine load.
   The ECM regulates the fuel injection timing and volume by using the EDU to provide an electric current to the solenoid valve in the injector. The ECM also monitors the internal fuel pressure of the common rail using the fuel pressure sensor. The ECM causes the supply pump to supply the fuel necessary to obtain the target fuel pressure.
   In addition, this system has a 2-Way Valve (TWV) inside the injector to open and close the fuel passage. As a result, both fuel injection time and fuel injection volume can be precisely regulated by the ECM.
   The common rail system provides two split fuel injections. In order to soften combustion shock, this system performs "pilot-injection" as the subsidiary fuel injection prior to the main fuel injection. This helps to reduce engine vibration and noise.

   COMMON RAIL SYSTEM COMPONENTS:
   Component | Description
   Common rail | Stores high-pressure fuel produced by supply pump
   Supply pump | Operated by crankshaft. Supplies high-pressure fuel to common rail.
   Injector | Injects fuel to combustion chamber based on signals from ECM
   Fuel pressure sensor | Monitors internal fuel pressure of common rail and sends signals to ECM
   Pressure limiter | Opens pressure limiter valve to reduce internal pressure in common rail when common rail pressure exceeds specified level
   Suction control valve | Based on signals from ECM, adjusts fuel volume supplied to common rail and regulates internal fuel pressure

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) TABLE FOR COMMON RAIL SYSTEM:

1. HINT:
     This table indicates typical DTC combinations for each malfunction occurrence.

   Trouble Area | Malfunction | Refer to
   Injector | Open or short in injector circuit | A
   Injector | Stuck open | B
   Injector | Stuck closed | C
   Fuel pressure sensor | Open or short in fuel pressure sensor circuit or pressure sensor output fixed | D
   Pressure limiter | Stuck open | E
   Pressure limiter | Stuck closed | F
   Suction control valve | Open or short in suction control valve circuit | G
   Suction control valve | Stuck open | H
   Suction control valve | Stuck closed | I
   EDU | Faulty EDU | J
   Common rail system (Fuel system) | Fuel leaks in high-pressure areas | K

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTION FOR COMMON RAIL SYSTEM:
DTC No. | Description
P0087/49 | Fuel pressure sensor output does not change
P0088/78 | Internal fuel pressure too high (200 MPa [2,039 kgf/cm2, 29,007 psi] or more)
P0093/78 | Fuel leaks in high-pressure areas
P0190/49 | Open or short in fuel pressure sensor circuit (Low or high output)
P0192/49 | Open or short in fuel pressure sensor circuit (Low output)
P0193/49 | Open or short in fuel pressure sensor circuit (High output)
P0200/97 | Open or short in EDU or injector circuit
P0627/78 | Open or short in suction control valve circuit
P1229/78 | Fuel over-feed

INJECTION CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The ECM controls the fuel injection system by using the injectors and supply pump. The ECM regulates the fuel injection volume and fuel injection timing by controlling both the duration and timing of energizing to the solenoid valve in the injector. The ECM regulates injection pressure by controlling the suction control valve located in the supply pump.
The feed pump is used to pump fuel from the fuel tank to the supply pump.

SUPPLY PUMP OPERATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The rotation of the eccentric cam causes the ring cam to push plunger A upward as illustrated below. The spring force pulls plunger B (located opposite plunger A) upward. As a result, plunger B draws the fuel in, and plunger A pumps fuel out at the same time.

SUCTION CONTROL VALVE OPERATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

HINT:

  The ECM controls the suction control valve operation to regulate the fuel volume that is pumped by the supply pump to the common rail. This control is performed to adjust the internal fuel pressure of the common rail to the targeted injection pressure.

1. Small opening of the suction control valve:

   1. When the opening of the suction control valve is small, the fuel suction path is kept narrow. Therefore the transferable fuel volume is reduced.

   2. The suction volume becomes small due to the narrow path despite the plunger stroke being full. The difference between the geometrical volume and suction volume creates a vacuum.

   3. Pumping will start when the fuel pressure becomes higher than the common rail pressure.

2. Large opening of the suction control valve:

   1. When the opening of the suction control valve is large, the fuel suction path is kept wide. Therefore the transferable fuel volume is increased.

   2. If the plunger stroke is full, the suction volume becomes large because of the wide path.

   3. Pumping will start when the fuel pressure becomes higher than the common rail pressure.